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GlossaryFinanceMetrics

ROI

Also known as: Return on Investment

Profit divided by COGS — the right profitability metric for arbitrage and any business with rapid inventory turnover.

ROI (Return on Investment) is profit divided by the COGS that produced it, expressed as a percentage. The formula is ROI = Profit / COGS × 100. A SKU costing $10 that nets $5 profit has 50% ROI.

ROI vs Margin is one of the most common confusions in FBA. They measure different things. Margin tells you "how much of each dollar of revenue is profit" (Profit / Sale Price). ROI tells you "how much your invested cash multiplied by" (Profit / COGS). For arbitrage and any high-turnover business, ROI is the right metric because it accounts for how fast capital recycles.

Worked example: SKU A has 50% margin and 100% ROI. SKU B has 25% margin and 200% ROI. Which is better? Depends on turnover. If both turn 12x/year, SKU B doubles your money 12 times — far better than SKU A doubling once. Most arbitrage sourcing decisions should optimize for ROI, not margin. Most private label decisions should optimize for contribution margin, not ROI, because cash isn't the constraint.

Worked example

You buy a SKU for $8, sell it for $25, pay $5 in Amazon fees, and net $12 profit per unit. Margin = 12 / 25 = 48%. ROI = 12 / 8 = 150%. Same SKU, very different stories.

See it in action

Free FBA profit calculator